New Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Filing - LSC Communications Inc.

LSC Communications Inc.

April 13, 2020

Chicago-based LSC Communications Inc. ($LSC) and 21 affiliated debtors (the “debtors”), a provider of traditional and digital print products, print-related services and office products, filed for bankruptcy in the Southern District of New York. The company is the result of a 2016 spinoff from R.R. Donnelley & Sons and though it subsequently diversified its business into logistics, it still deals with old-school categories like print magazines, catalogs, books, directories, various other print-related services, and office products. In fact, it is one of the largest printers of books in the US. All of which is to say that the debtors were ripe for disruption.

Nothing about this ought to be surprising to people who have been paying attention to the retail and media landscape over the last decade. Nevertheless, it is painful to read:

Although the Company is a market leader in the printing and printing related services industries, the Company’s product and service offerings have been adversely impacted by a number of long-term economic trends. Digital migration has substantially impacted print production volume, in particular with respect to printed magazines as advertising spending continues to move away from print to electronic media. Catalogs have experienced volume reductions as retailers and direct marketers allocate more of their spending to online advertising and marketing campaigns and some traditional retailers and director marketers go out of business in the face of increased competition from online retailers. The Company saw an unprecedented drop in demand for magazines and catalogs in 2019, with the faster pace of decline in demand primarily due to the accelerating movement from printed platforms to digital platforms.

Thanks Facebook Inc. ($FB). Clearly all of the Restoration Hardware Inc. ($RH) catalogues in the world couldn’t offset the shift of advertising away from print media and soften this blow.

And then there’s this:

Demand for printed educational textbooks within the college market has been adversely impacted by electronic substitution and other trends such as textbook rental programs and free open source e-textbooks. The K-12 educational sector has seen an increased focus on e-textbooks and e-learning programs, but there has been inconsistent adoption of these new technologies across school systems. Consumer demand for e-books in trade and mass market has impacted overall print book volume, although e-book adoption rates have stabilized and industry-wide print book volume has been growing in recent years.

Apropos to the brief discussion above about Mary Meeker’s presentation, we’ve got news for these guys: these trends away from printed textbooks are going to gather steam post-COVID. And while we’re happy to see an uptick in physical book production, it’s unclear whether that is a short-term trend or a longer-term rebound. Someone is going to have to get comfortable betting on the latter. More on this in a moment.

As if the secular trends weren’t bad enough, the debtors’ attempt to consolidate with Quad/Graphics Inc. ($QUAD) (synergies!) in late 2018 met with resistance. The DOJ filed a civil antitrust lawsuit seeking to block the proposed merger and ultimately the parties agreed to terminate the merger. While LSC received a reverse termination fee that exceeded the amount of transaction costs, the proposed merger (i) hindered the debtors’ ability to make much-needed operational fixes (i.e., plant consolidation and footprint optimization), (ii) affected new business development efforts and strained existing customer relationships, and (iii) created uncertainty among the employee ranks that, in some respects, sparked attrition.

All of the above led to an internal restructuring. The debtors set their sights on nine plant closures and footprint reductions — primarily in magazines and catalog manufacturing; they also renegotiated a number of unprofitable customer contracts. Bear in mind: all of this was pre-COVID. Matters can only have gotten worse.

What does all of this look like from a financial perspective? The debtors filed their annual report in early March and the numbers don’t lie:

LSC Annual Report 3/2/20

Net sales declined 13% and while there was a corresponding decline in the cost of sales, SG&A remained constant and restructuring costs ballooned.* The magazines/catalogues/logistics segment declined 7.3%. The book segment fell 3.6%. Office products were a rare bright spot up 8.1% (PETITION Note: this is a relatively small portion of the debtors’ business and we’ll see how that plays out going forward given that there may be a huge shift there).

Due to this piss poor operating performance, the debtors tripped their consolidated leverage ratio and minimum interest ratio covenants in their credit agreement. That’s right: you didn’t think this story would be complete without a significantly over-levered balance sheet, did you?

The company has $972mm of total funded indebtedness broken out among a revolver ($249mm + $50.8mm in outstanding letters of credit), a term loan ($221.9mm) and senior secured notes ($450mm at 8.75%). The term loan requires quarterly principal payments of $10.625mm. While the entire capital structure is secured by an “equal first-priority" ranking with respect to the collateral, the revolver has a “first-out” priority and is entitled first to any proceeds from the collateral while the term loan and the senior secured notes enjoy pari passu status. This is where the rubber meets the road: that’s a lot of parties to get to agree on a transaction.

Before it could agree to anything, however, the debtors needed time and therefore entered into a widely reported forbearance in early March. S&P Global Ratings promptly slapped a downgrade on the company saying that it believed a debt restructuring was likely within 90 days. What a genius call!! While all of this was happening, the debtors continued to deteriorate:

During its March discussions with creditors, the Debtors began to see a significant decrease in their available liquidity, driven in part by the long-term industry trends discussed above and made acute by the severe economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Which begs the question: what is the value of this business? Cleary nobody can agree on that: there is no restructuring support agreement here. Instead, there appears to be an arms-locked resignation that a parallel-path is needed to (i) nail down some DIP financing to shore up liquidity ($100mm at L+6.75%) and buy time, (ii) continue to discuss a balance sheet restructuring, AND (iii) simultaneously market test the business via a strategic marketing process. A lot of people will need to wait and see how this plays out, primarily pensioners owed over $50mm and various trade creditors including the bankruptcy-familiar RR Donnelley & Sons Co. ($RRD), Eastman Kodak Company ($KODK) and Verso Paper Holding LLC.

• Jurisdiction: S.D. of New York (Judge Lane)

• Capital Structure: $249mm funded RCF (plus $50.8mm LOCs), $221.9mm funded TL (Bank of America NA), $450mm ‘23 8.75% senior secured notes (Wells Fargo Bank NA)

• Professionals:

  • Legal: Sullivan & Cromwell LLP (Andrew Dietderich, Brian Glueckstein, Alexa Kranzley, Christian Jensen) & Young Conaway Stargatt & Taylor LLP

  • Financial Advisor: AlixPartners LLP

  • Investment Banker: Evercore Group LLC

  • Claims Agent: Prime Clerk LLC (*click on the link above for free docket access)

• Other Parties in Interest:

  • DIP Agent ($100mm): Bank of America NA

    • Legal: Moore & Van Allen PLLC (David Eades, Charles R. Rayburn III, Zachary Smith)

  • Ad Hoc Group of Term Lenders: Bardin Hill Investment Partners LP, Eaton Vance Management, HG Vora Capital Management, LLC, Marathon Asset Management, Shenkman Capital Management, Sound Point Capital Management LP, and Summit Partners Credit Advisors, L.P.

    • Legal: Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP (Michael Messersmith, Sarah Gryll, Lucas Barrett)

  • Ad Hoc Group of Secured Noteholders: Capital Research and Management Company, Manulife Investment Management, Atlas FRM LLC, TD Asset Management Inc.

    • Legal: Paul Weiss Rifkind Wharton & Garrison LLP (Andrew Rosenberg, Alice Eaton, Claudia Tobler)

  • Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors

    • Legal: Stroock & Stroock & Lavan LLP (Frank Merola, Brett Lawrence, Erez Gilad, Harold Olsen, Gabriel Sasson)

🍔New Chapter 11 Filing - SD Charlotte LLC🍔

SD Charlotte LLC

February 7, 2020

SD Charlotte LLC and four affiliates (the “debtors”) filed for bankruptcy on Friday in the Western District of North Carolina. While these are smaller cases than we typically cover here in PETITION, the filing is representative of continued distress in the restaurant space. Why? SD Charlotte LLC is the owner and operator of 73 Sonic Drive-In restaurants, an affiliate is the owner and operator of 14 MOD Pizza restaurants, and another affiliate is the owner and operator of three Fuzzy’s Taco Shop restaurants. In total, the debtors employ 1,900 people and have, as the above numbers might suggest, a large presence in the south east, predominantly in North Carolina.

It’s important to note that the debtors do not indicate that their filing is the result of the various factors we’ve seen in other restaurant filings, i.e., increasing wages, poor leases, VC-backed food delivery services, etc. We can assume, though, that given significant liquidity issues arising almost immediately after the principal franchised the restaurants, that some of these factors were in play. The main issue, however, was the debtors’ debt burden: the debtors appear to have taken on too much debt and expanded too quickly in a difficult environment for restaurants; they have $22.3mm of pre-petition secured debt — a figure that the debtors acknowledge, in their filing, exceeds the value of the debtors’ assets. Ruh roh. 😬

Liquidity has been an issue for the debtors from their inception in 2017. In late 2018, the debtors had to turn to “factors” for liquidity. What the bloody hell is a “factor”? Glad you asked…

A factoring counter-party offers upfront cash payments for future receivables. Said another way, a factor will pay a discounted cash price today and take on the risk of non-payment in exchange for greater cash payments in the near future. To protect, their interest in those future receivables, the factors should obtain a security interest in those receivables and take the proper steps to record those security interests.* The debtors entered into at least at least 10 such agreements in an attempt to stave off the inevitable.

While factoring can be a viable source of emergency liquidity for struggling companies, the terms can be highly punitive. Note:

…the Debtors sold no less than $7,988,325 of future accounts receivable to the MCA Parties in exchange for cash payments in an amount not less than $5,880,000, less fees and certain expenses. These records indicate that the MCA Parties purchased the Debtors’ future accounts receivable at significant discounts, charged high fees and had the ability to debit the Debtors’ deposit accounts directly. The depletion of the Debtors’ liquidity attributable to obligations under the MCA Agreements, coupled with the seasonal downturn in the Sonic Drive-In restaurants, left the Debtors’ cash flow position untenable.

Carry the one, add the two…yeah, that’s a pretty solid discount to par value: a bit over 25%. Think about that: the debtors’ need for liquidity was so dire that they agreed to give away approximately 25 cents on every dollar that would enter their accounts because they didn’t have the luxury of time to wait for those receivables to come in. Private equity firms and others are often dubbed “vultures” but factors have a very interesting role to play here too.

And so the debtors were so low on cash that they ultimately had to get a bridge loan from their franchisor, SRI Holding Company (Sonic). The bridge loan will rollup into a DIP credit facility agreement which, with the pre-petition secured lenders’ consent, will prime the pre-petition secured debt. The DIP credit facility will finance the debtors’ cases and give the debtors some breathing room to pursue a 363 asset sale that will clear out the pre-petition debt and eliminate any and all uncertainty relating to the factoring agreements.

One final point here: it is highly unlikely that a sale will generate enough proceeds to clear both the DIP credit facility and the pre-petition secured debt. This means that general unsecured creditors will get the royal effing. Given all of the pain in restaurant and grocery chains, this begs the question: how much supply chain pain is there out there right now? Food distributors? Packagers? We reckon quite a bit.

*Here there is some question as to whether certain of the factoring agreement counterparties filed UCC-1 financing statements which may put into dispute the validity of their said security interest in those receivables. Any official committee of unsecured creditors will take great interest in whether UCC-1s have been recorded though it likely won’t matter given the value of the assets and the likely superceding security interests held by the prepetition secured lender.

• Jurisdiction: W.D. of North Carolina (Judge Beyer)

• Capital Structure: $450k Bridge Loan (SRI Holding Company), $22.3mm (Bridge Funding Group Inc.)

• Professionals:

  • Legal: Moore Van Allen PLLC (Zachary Smith, Gabriel Mathless, Hillary Crabtree, Joanne Wu, James Langdon) & JD Thompson Law (Linda Simpson)

  • Independent Director: Finley Group (Matthew Smith)

  • Financial Advisor/CRO: Meru LLC (Brian Rosenthal, Alissia Bell)

  • Claims Agent: Stretto (*click on the link above for free docket access)

• Other Parties in Interest:

  • DIP Lender: SRI Holding Company, SRI Operating Company, Sonic Franchising LLC and Sonic Industries LLC

    • Legal: DLA Piper US LLP (Daniel Simon, Davi Avraham) & Robinson Bradshaw & Hinson PA (David Schilli)

📽New Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Filing - Frank Theatres Bayonne/South Cove LLC📽

Frank Theatres Bayonne/South Cove LLC

Just in time for a sh*tty holiday movie season with subpar fare like “Vice” and “Aquaman” hitting theaters, Frank Theatres Bayonne/South Cove LLC and 23 affiliated companies filed for bankruptcy in the District of New Jersey. Under brand names Frank Theatres, CineBowl & Grille and Revolutions, the company owns and operates 9 pure play movie theaters, 3 family entertainment complexes (i.e., bowling, arcade, etc.), and 3 combination — movie theater AND family entertainment — locations. Despite a robust year for Hollywood on the heals of highly successful-cum-intellectually-retarding movies like Avengers:Infinity War and Venom, the company’s revenues and resultant losses over the past three years paint a clear picture as to why this company is in bankruptcy court. From 2016 through 2018, revenues have declined from approximately $65mm to $56mm to $40mm, respectively. Losses, in turn, come in at $10.2mm, $11.3mm and $9.7mm. These are brutal numbers.

Of course, part of the issue here is that, in certain cases, this chain knew nothing of first run screenings of the aforementioned hits. Per the company, the expansion beyond the core theater business into the broader entertainment space proved disastrous, marked by poor locations, unprofitable leases, cost overruns, delayed openings, and ineffective management. Consequently, the company started deploying theater revenue like an ATM to service the flailing entertainment business. Except, there was one giant problem with all of this:

While operating cash and third-party loans were being used to support the liquidity need caused by the over-budget, past-deadline, and unprofitable new locations, the remainder of the existing locations also steadily declined in general admissions and total revenues as preventative maintenance, standard course refreshes, and local marketing initiatives were reduced or abandoned altogether. In addition, landlords and critical vendors were not paid or were materially aged beyond their standard payment terms. These poor management decisions were made in most cases without the knowledge or consent of the Debtors’ capital providers.

Whoops.

In some instances, the Company was evicted, locked out of its theater locations, and/or box office studios refused to allow the theaters to exhibit key first run movies which further exacerbated the decline in financial performance.

Like we said: they knew nothing of first run screenings. Not that you’d want to see them at these theaters anyway:

Under Debtors’ prior management (pre-September 2017), the physical state of many locations was severely neglected. Much needed capital improvements were not made into maintenance or upgrades of many locations. As a result, over time, the locations became dirty and in disrepair, which ultimately deterred business and resulted in a decrease in revenue.

Now if that doesn’t sound like an oh-so-lovely-holiday-moviegoing experience we don’t know what does. Usually a rabies shot isn’t a prerequisite to seeing a new flick.

Given all of this (and alleged mismanagement which is now the subject of ongoing litigation), the company was ill-suited to compete (deep voice) in a world where the industry shifted to the “premium” movie-going experience. After all, why go to the movies at all if you can just sit at home and watch Sandra Bullock evade zombies on Netflix. The only reason is, thanks to 4DX and the like, to feel that punch to the face from Dwayne Johnson or the wind in your hair when Tom Cruise races down the streets of London on a motorcycle. Except, this company didn’t have any of that new razzle dazzle. They did have the prices though:

While the condition of the Company’s locations deteriorated, the movie theater industry in general trended toward an enhanced movie going experience, including luxury recliners and a more “premium” experience. At the same time, the Debtors’ ticket and concession prices continued to rise in line with, or over, the industry average (which further discouraged customers).

And so now bankruptcy. The company has a restructuring support agreement that includes participation from both its first lien and second lien lenders. The former, Elm Park Capital Management LLC, will have $20mm of their debt reinstated (which may included up to $5mm in DIP financing). The latter, Seacoast Capital Partners III LP, will reinstate $2.5mm to be paid with 25% of net cash proceeds from the sale/monetization of the reorganized assets (once Elm Park has received $20mm on account of their claims). The balance of secured debt will convert into equity. General unsecured creditors are likely to donut.

The company intends to emerge from bankruptcy with only the most profitable locations intact.

• Jurisdiction: D. of New Jersey (Judge Meisel)

• Capital Structure: $31mm first lien debt (Elm Park Capital Management LLC), $8mm second lien debt (Seacoast Capital Partners III LP)

• Company Professionals:

  • Legal: Lowenstein Sandler LLP (Kenneth Rosen, Joseph DiPasquale, Michael Papandrea, Eric Chafetz)

  • Financial Advisor: Moss Adams LLP & Paragon Entertainment Holdings LLC

  • Claims Agent: Prime Clerk LLC

• Other Parties in Interest:

  • First Lien & DIP Lender: Elm Park Capital Management

    • Legal: Neligan LLP — Patrick Neligan Jr., John Gaither

  • Second Lien Lender: Seacost Capital Partners III LP

    • Legal: Dorsey & Whitney LLP — Larry Makel, Eric Lopez Schnabel

  • Benefit Street Partners LLC

    • Legal: Moore & VanAllen — Alan Pope

New Filing - La Paloma Generating Company LLC

La Paloma Generating Company LLC

• 12/06/16 Recap: California-based (NW of LA) nat-gas fired merchant power provider that services SoCal files for bankruptcy citing a litany of reasons: (i) adverse market for nat-gas fired electricity given the rise of wind and solar power in CA; (ii) the regulatory environment; (iii) cap and trade; (iv) its unsustainable debt load; and (v) the army of O'Melveny lawyers servicing the deal. Okay, not the last part but see below: that sure is a surge of (man)power. 
• Jurisdiction: D. of Delaware
• Capital Structure: $524mm of total funded debt. $35mm '20 1st lien (BofA), $292mm '20 1st lien TL (BofA), $110mm '20 second lien TL (Sun Trust), $87mm '19 LPAC TL, $34mm LOCs (SunTrust)     
• Company Professionals:
  • Legal: O'Melveny & Meyers LLP (John Rapisardi, George Davis, Peter Friedman, Diana Perez, Andrew Sorkin, Matthew Kremer, Valerie Cohen) & (local) Richards Layton & Finger PA (Mark Collins, Jason Madron, Andrew Dean) & (conflicts counsel) Curtis Mallet-Prevost Colt & Mosle LLP (Steven Reisman, Turner Smith, Peter Behmke, Cindi Giglio)
  • Financial Advisor: Alvarez & Marsal LLC (Emmett Bergman)
  • Investment Banker: Jefferies LLC (Jeffrey Finger)
  • Claims Agent: Epiq Bankruptcy Solutions LLC (*click on company name for docket)
• Other Parties in Interest:
  • Sponsor: EIG Global Partners LLC (Niranjan Ravindran)
  • First Lien Lender: Bank of America
    • Legal: Moore & Van Allen (David Eades, Glenn Huether) & (local) Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC (Mary Caloway, Kathleen Murphy)
  • Ad Hoc Group of Second Lien Noteholders
    • Legal: Morgan Lewis & Bockius LLP (Glenn Siegel, Joshua Dorchak, Elaine Fenna, Jody Barillare)
  • Second Lien Lender: Sun Trust Bank
    • Legal: King & Spalding LLP (Sara Borders, Thaddeus Wilson) & (local) Morris James LLP (Stephen Miller)
  • 1st Lien Debtholder: Beal Bank USA (LNB)
    • Legal: White & Case LLP (Thomas Lauria, Christopher Shore) & (local) Fox Rothschild LLP (Jeffrey Schlerf)
  • Collateral Agent: Bank of New York Mellon
    • Legal: Bryan Cave LLP (Stephanie Wickouski, Michelle McMahon)

Updated 12/29/16

New Filing - Filip Technologies Inc.

Filip Technologies Inc.

• 10/8/16 Recap: NYC-based maker of cloud-based location software and wearable watch hardware for kids files for chapter 11 bankruptcy to effectuate an expedited sale to potential White Knight stalking horse bidder while receiving DIP financing from AT&T.   
• Jurisdiction: D. of Delaware
• Capital Structure: $480k secured debt (AT&T), $125k unsecured debt, $3.1mm unsecured convertible notes      
• Company Professionals:
  • Legal: Moore & Van Allen (Zachary Smith & Hillary Crabtree) & (local) Bielli & Klaudner LLC (David Klaudner)
  • Financial & Restructuring Advisor: Ankura Consulting LLC (Roy Messing, Michael Swetz, Margaret Brennan, John Rapisardi)
  • Investment Banker: Widebridge Group
  • Claims Agent: KCC
• Other Parties in Interest:
  • DIP Agent: AT&T Capital Services
    • Legal: Sidley Austin LLP (Michael Burke, Brian Lohan) & (local) Morris Nichols (Derek Abbott, Daniel Butz)
  • Creditor: Aricent Holdings Luxembourg Sarl
    • Legal: Pepper Hamilton (Todd Feinsmith, Evelyn Meltzer)

Updated 12/30/16